Languages | Education | Training | Ministry History | Questions

LANGUAGES

English

EDUCATION

School

Degree

End (mm/yy)

Shippensburg University

BA Sociology

5/1986

Asbury Theological Seminary

M.Div

5/1989

University of Connecticut

Graduate Certificate in Nonprofit Management

8/2018

TRAINING

Course

End (mm/yy)

None Applicable

N/A

CERTIFICATIONS

Certification

End (mm/yy)

None Applicable

N/A

MINISTRY HISTORY

Church/Organization

Position

Begin (mm/yy)

Linglestown United Methodist Church

Associate Pastor

07/1989

St. Paul's United Methodist Church

Pastor

07/1991

Aldersgate United Methodist Church

Pastor

03/1994

York District Susquehanna Conference of the United Methodist Church

District Superintendent

07/2007

Upper New York Area of the United Methodist Church

Bishop

09/2012

Global Methodist Church

Bishop

1/2023

MINISTRY HIGHLIGHTS

As a local church pastor I was privileged to serve in three very distinct settings. My first appointment was as an associate at a large membership church. My second appointment was a church in decline, with many believing the best days were past. My third appointment was as the third pastor of a new church start that was in their 4th year of existence when I began my ministry with them. In each setting we saw God create a disciple making culture that resulted in increased worship attendance; development of intentional discipleship systems, primarily built around a model of small groups; lay leadership and staff development; engagement with community and yet-to be churched individuals; development of missions (local, national and international); stewardship development and building campaigns.

As a District Superintendent, I was blessed to work with 71 congregations and pastors in creating a culture of shared mission; encouragement and accountability of clergy; leadership development; strategies to increase vitality of existing congregations; the establishment of a collaborative ecumenical urban ministry and support for 2 church plants.

As a bishop it has been my joy to work to create a culture of missional alignment and accountability that seeks to discover, develop and deploy Christ-following transformational leaders (both clergy and lay); develop systems and strategies that increase the vitality and impact of existing churches and build a culture of church planting. As a GMC bishop I have worked extensively to partner with Conference Superintendents as they provide leadership to create a disciples making culture within their conferences and equip the local church to more fruitfully and faithfully live the mission of the Church.

QUESTIONS

1. Gospel: What is the gospel?

The Gospel is the good news of Jesus Christ. The proclamation of God’s amazing love revealed through Jesus Christ. It is an invitation for every person to experience the fullness of God’s love and grace. It is the promise of victory over the consequence and power of sin and freedom from spiritual death by God’s through faith. The Gospel is an invitation to forgiveness and to be transformed to become more like Christ in every area of life through surrender to the Holy Spirit. It is the promise of a new life, an abundant and eternal life in the presence of a holy God. This life comes only through the person and work of Jesus, who redeems us, and invites us into everlasting relationship with God.

2. Trinity: How would you articulate the doctrine of the Trinity and why it matters?

The Trinity is the confession that God is both truly one and truly three. The Trinity affirms three distinct, co-equal persons. Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, united in one eternal being. This mystery reveals the full nature of God and His work in the world. John Wesley emphasized the role of the Trinity in salvation and holiness, teaching that the Father creates, the Son redeems, and the Holy Spirit sanctifies. Yet these are not separate works, for the three persons are inseparable and always act together in unity. Every aspect of our invitation to redemption and holiness bears the mark of the Trinity. The Trinity affirms that we are invited into a relationship shaped by the Father’s love, the Son’s grace-filled action, and the Spirit’s power.

3. Jesus: In what sense did Jesus die for our sins, and how does it impact your understanding of the Church’s mission?

The Bible teaches that we were created for a relationship with a holy God. Through disobedience, sin entered the world and broke that relationship. We affirm the doctrine of original sin. All people inherit a corrupt nature and cannot restore themselves. Romans 3.23, reminds us: “for all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God” (Romans 3:23). Romans also states: Sin creates a barrier no human effort can remove. In love and obedience to the Father, Jesus gave His life to defeat sin and provide forgiveness. Through His death and resurrection, He offers freedom from sin’s power and restores us to God. He died that we may live. The mission of the Church is to ensure that others hear this truth and invitation. We boldly believe and proclaim that Jesus is “the way, the truth, and the life,” and that through Him alone we are reconciled to God.

4. Holy Spirit: How does the ministry of the Holy Spirit relate to your understanding of the Church?

Without the Holy Spirit, the Church we are called to be does not exist. The Holy Spirit is the presence and power of God given to the Church to fulfill her purpose. The Holy Spirit is the one who equips, empowers, encourages, inspires, instructs, and sustains the body of Christ. The Holy Spirit transforms us into the image of Christ and provides the spiritual gifts needed for the equipping of the saints, the building up of the Church, and the proclamation of the Gospel. The Holy Spirit provides the power to accomplish what would otherwise be impossible. I once heard said in relation to a sailboat – no wind, no go!. The same is true for the ministry of the Holy Spirit. No Holy Spirit—no power. No Holy Spirit—no fruit. We utterly depend on the Spirit’s presence, leading, and power to be the Church God has called us to be.

5. Sanctification: Do you affirm the doctrine of entire sanctification, and how would you explain it to someone who has not encountered it before?

Yes, I affirm the doctrine of entire sanctification. It is the truth that, through God’s grace and our cooperation with that grace, we can be holy as God is holy and perfect in love as He is perfect in love. Entire sanctification is a transformative work of God in which we become more like Jesus. It is both a state of being set apart and a daily life of obedience to God’s will. It is not merely the absence of sin, but victory over the power of sin through the active presence of God’s love, grace, and truth shaping our words, thoughts, and actions. It is the fruit of the Spirit more fully evident in our lives today than it was yesterday.

6. Holiness: How do you understand holiness as it relates to human flourishing?

We were created in the image of a holy God. The call to “be holy as God is holy” is an invitation to live fully into our identity and purpose. Anything less is living beneath what we were created for. As God’s grace sanctifies us, and as we cooperate with that grace by yielding our lives to Christ, we are transformed. We grow to love Him more deeply. We reflect His heart for others. We pursue righteousness rather than the empty pursuits of the world, no longer seeking identity or worth in things that have no eternal value. Holiness makes us more like God and creates in us a deeper desire for Him. In this, we flourish. And as His heart becomes our heart, we desire for others to flourish as well, longing for them to experience the same life, freedom, and transformation we have found in Him.

7. Sacraments: What is your understanding of the Sacraments and their role in the life of the Church?

I once heard someone say that the sacraments are a story of God’s love made visible. In the life of the Church, we recognize two sacraments: Holy Communion and Baptism. John Wesley defined a sacrament as “an outward sign of inward grace, and a means whereby we receive the same.” Sacraments are sign-acts, combining words, actions, and physical elements, that express and convey the gracious love of God. They make God’s love visible and effective in our lives. We might think of the sacraments as God’s “show and tell,” communicating His grace in ways we can receive despite our brokenness and limitations. Their role in the life of the church is to remind us of God’s desire to offer grace, mercy, strength, and transformation to the believer and invite us to extend that same invitation to others.

8. Scripture: What is your understanding of scripture’s inspiration, authority, truthfulness, and sufficiency?

I trust the words of 2 Timothy 3:16: “All Scripture is inspired by God and profitable for teaching, for reproof, for correction, and for training in righteousness, so that the servant of God may be fully equipped for every good work.” I believe the Word of God is divinely inspired through human authors under the guidance of the Holy Spirit. Scripture is true and reveals the fullness of God’s nature and His purposes for humanity. As John Wesley stated the Bible is the primary, supreme, and final authority in theology. It is sufficient for guiding us in our relationship with Christ and shaping the life of the Church. Through it, we are taught, corrected, formed, and equipped to live in obedience to God. God’s Word is not only to be believed, but lived, resulting in transformed hearts, renewed minds, and a life lived according to the ways of God

9. Human Sexuality: What is your understanding of human sexuality expressed in terms of human flourishing?

I believe God created humanity as male and female, each bearing His image. I believe the gift of sexuality is given by God to be expressed within the covenant of marriage between one man and one woman. Within this covenant, human sexuality is to be experienced in a relationship marked by mutual love, service, and self-giving. A reflection of the way Christ loves and serves the Church. Marriage becomes a place of faithfulness, unity, and shared pursuit of God’s design. When we depart from God’s intention for human sexuality, we move away from the fullness of life He desires for us. Lives become marginalized, damaged and destroyed.

10. Human Beings: How does the biblical vision of human beings made in the image of God form your attitude toward the dignity of human life at every stage from conception to death?

All human beings are created in the image of God. My prayer is that everyone may know the fullness of life offered in Christ and become a child of God. Because every person bears God’s image, we are called to uphold human dignity and honor the sanctity of life. This calling leads us to champion the unborn, care for the marginalized, support the poor, and protect the vulnerable. We are called to speak and act in ways that affirm the value of every life. We are also called to care for the sick and the suffering, partnering with God in His work of grace as people face the challenges of illness and the reality of natural death. We are called to reflect God’s love and mercy, bringing His hope and compassion to a world in need, and demonstrating that every life is precious in His sight.

11. Wesleyan/Methodist Contribution: What is the Wesleyan/Methodist contribution to the Church universal?

I believe one of the greatest contributions of our tradition to the universal Church is our understanding of God’s fourfold movement of grace, which meets us where we are and works to make us holy. I also believe that our emphasis on personal and social holiness is a gift we offer to the broader body of Christ, showing that faithful discipleship is both inward and outward, affecting our relationship with God and with others. Finally, the practices we engage in for transformational discipleship, such as class meetings and bands provide a model for spiritual formation and maturity. These practices demonstrate how intentional community, accountability, and mutual encouragement help believers grow in Christlikeness and bear fruit, offering the Church practical tools for nurturing faithful disciples.

12. Global Methodist Church: What is your vision for the GMC?

I believe God is calling us to be a Holy Spirit inspired disciple-making movement of God. A movement guided by surrender to the Lordship of Jesus Christ, the authority of Scripture in every aspect of life, and an orthodox faith lived out in a Wesleyan/Methodist way. I pray we will maintain missional alignment and accountability, prioritize biblical teaching, build systems that foster transformational discipleship, develop a culture of multiplication (disciples, leaders, and churches) and offer ministry that reaches all people, with an intentional global focus. I hope we uphold unity in doctrine, discipline, and mission, live in dependence on God’s grace, and hunger for the presence and power of the Holy Spirit. We must see and equip the local church as the primary mission center, have a heart for the least, the last, and the lost, and pursue renewal so that God can use us in His work of revival.

13. Evangelism: What is evangelism and how have you practiced it effectively in your ministry?

Evangelism is at the heart and nature of God. It is a response to the human condition. Evangelism is guided by the Holy Spirit and dependent upon the willingness of the church to be faithful. I believe that evangelism is first a response to the mercy of God toward us. Because of what God has done for us, we desire others to know Him. Evangelism is not a program. First, it is obtaining God’s heart for the lost. It is a choice to be available, intentional, and relational. It engages the lives of those around us, where they are. I have sought to equip congregations to cultivate this heart for the lost, creating opportunities for connection, being aware of my witness, and praying for God to grant openings to share what Jesus has done. I pray for an evangelical zeal to be a part of our movement, starting with me.

14. Discipleship: What is a disciple, and how have you effectively made disciples in your ministry?

A disciple of Jesus Christ is someone who confesses faith in Jesus as Savior and Lord, is continually transformed by God’s grace, and engages in lifelong practices of learning and spiritual formation to follow Him. A disciple is empowered by the Holy Spirit and equipped with spiritual gifts to boldly connect with the world, proclaim the Good News, and love and serve others as Jesus did. Throughout my life, I have sought first to grow as a disciple, asking God to shape my heart, mind, and nature. I have also looked for opportunities to disciple others, whether one-on-one or in small groups. In every ministry setting I have served, I have worked to build intentional discipleship systems, especially through small groups that help people move from confession of faith to living the way of Jesus passionately and faithfully.

15. Local Engagement: How have you led congregations to engage their local contexts with the gospel?

In every ministry setting I have served, engaging the community has been a primary focus. We developed programs that addressed both identified and felt needs, creating opportunities for people to experience the love of Christ. Large “attraction” events, such as outdoor carnivals or Christmas musicals, invited the community to encounter the body of Christ. We established a preschool with the goal of being the premier early education option in the area, grounded in an unapologetic Christian foundation. We equipped members to practice workplace ministry and partnered with local faith-based and non-faith-based organizations to serve the community. Our small groups were trained to reach entire neighborhood developments through dinners, cookouts, and block parties, ultimately inviting neighbors into small groups. In another example, we responded to youth sports conflicts by encouraging church members to serve as coaches, volunteers, and umpires, to influence the culture of the youth sporting leagues while building relationships.

16. Unreached People Groups: How do you understand the mission of the GMC in relation to unreached and unengaged people groups?

Our call is to take the name of Jesus and the message of the Gospel into every corner of the world. Everywhere you look, there are unreached and unengaged people who need to hear the invitation to new life in Christ. Where Global Methodist congregations already exist, we must equip them to be faithful and bold in moving beyond their walls, engaging their communities, and living out the Gospel in practical ways. Where there is not yet a Global Methodist presence, we must develop strategies to plant new faith communities, whether as small groups, house churches, or traditional congregations, so that more people can encounter the transforming power of Christ. Our mission is rooted in the conviction that God desires all people to know Him. By equipping churches, forming new faith communities, and faithfully proclaiming the Gospel, we participate in God’s work of making disciples and increasing His Kingdom.

17. Global Missions: What is the local church’s role in global missions? How will you equip local churches for that role?

The Church is called to be the hands, feet, and voice of Christ in every town, city, and nation. The Great Commission demands that we understand the need to engage in ministry and mission, everywhere. As a bishop, I seek to proclaim this call and cast a vision for faithful response. I also aim to work alongside Conference leaders to build a culture that expects and equips congregations to move beyond their walls in mission. This includes providing guidance, resources, and encouragement so that every local church understands its call. By inspiring, equipping, and partnering with congregations, we can be a movement of Jesus followers who passionately live out the Gospel in their neighborhoods, cities, states and countries.

18. Christian Unity: What is your understanding of Christian unity? How will you lead the Church toward greater unity in Christ and the Spirit both within the GMC and in relation to other ecclesial bodies?

Christian unity is rooted in God’s work in Jesus Christ and maintained by the Holy Spirit. It connects believers as one body under the lordship of Christ, grounded in a shared identity: one Lord, one faith, and one Spirit. While I respect people of various faith traditions, the unity we are called to must be grounded in common faith. Within the Global Methodist Church, we must uphold unity of doctrine and mission without compromise. I will continue to cast this vision, encouraging congregations to partner with other Christian bodies to offer the presence of Jesus in word and deed. Local churches should be equipped to build relationships for shared witness, ministry, and service. I will not encourage or seek a unity that is institutional, but is based in mutual love, accountability, and the proclamation of the faith once delivered to the saints.

19. Bishop's Work: What is your understanding of the work of a bishop?

Our hope for the episcopacy in the Global Methodist Church is rooted in servant leadership, not a royal or hierarchical episcopacy. We have been building a model of bishop as general superintendent, itinerant in nature, not residential. I believe the Global Methodist Church will be stronger when bishops serve first as overseers of the apostolic mission, which is a witness to Christ crucified, risen, ascended to heaven and guaranteed to return. Bishops must boldly teach and guard the faith and doctrine of the church. They must serve as evangelists and missionaries, equip others to be leaders while holding a global view of the church that provides missional alignment and accountability that helps to develop and deploy the body of Christ into the world. Partnership with conference superintendents is essential. By coaching, equipping, and resourcing superintendents, bishops will help develop strong leadership, shared culture and systems for multiplication across the movement.

20. Your Qualifications: What qualifies you for the office of bishop?

This office is first a calling. I attempted to find a way to say no, but I believe God is still calling me to offer myself for this role for this season. I have experienced and exercised the gifts of leadership, preaching, teaching, and administration in my life. My experiences as a pastor, district superintendent and bishop, have allowed me to use God’s gifts in ways that have demonstrated fruit. I have worked with others to call the church to urgently claim God’s plan and desire. I have worked with clergy and laity in developing their gifts and God’s best way of utilizing those gifts to share the love of Jesus Christ. While I have much to learn and strive to continue to allow God to mold me and shape me, I believe God has and will equip me for this work.

21. Assembly of Bishops: What do you see as the role of the Assembly of Bishops?

I believe the Assembly of Bishops must first be a leadership team, not a team of individual leaders leading with one voice and one heart toward the mission and vision God has provided for the Global Methodist Church. They must model servant leadership. The Assembly of Bishops is a community that practices spiritual and missional accountability. Together the Assembly of Bishops provides spiritual and temporal leadership by guarding the faith, teaching the doctrines of our church, protecting missional alignment and equipping others to use the gifts God has given them. All for the building up of the body of Christ and the increase of God’s Kingdom. The Assembly of Bishops, in collaboration with other leaders have an opportunity to help build a culture of disciple making and multiplication that will allow for increased faithfulness and fruitfulness.

22. Fellow Bishops: How do you envision working together with fellow bishops?

As I shared in the previous question, I believe the Assembly of Bishops must be a leadership team, not a team of individual leaders. The responsibility of bishops to collaborate as one in providing leadership for the church is critical. Through guarding the faith, exercising the teaching office and protecting missional alignment, I will work with each bishop to be of one mind, heart and spirit, providing a shared voice and a shared direction. I will strive to be available to assist any bishop in the mundane as well as the complex. While I have much to learn, I believe the experiences God has allowed me as a bishop for 10 years in the United Methodist Church and in these formative and initial years of the Global Methodist Church will provide me a opportunity to strengthen the ministry of each bishop, as they will strengthen my leadership.

23. Conference Superintendents: How do you envision working together with and supervising conference superintendents?

The relationship between the bishop and the conference superintendent is among the most critical. Bishops and superintendents must function as a leadership team. I have approached this shared leadership by supporting and strengthening each superintendent, allowing them to lead with the gifts God has given them while providing guidance, equipping, and opportunities for spiritual formation and leadership development. I meet monthly with each superintendent for one-on-one conversations focused on leadership strategies and challenges. In these meetings, we discern how God is calling them to lead and build the culture of their annual conference in alignment with the convictions and priorities of the Global Methodist Church. Additionally, I gather monthly with all the conference superintendents I partner with as a group for spiritual formation, accountability, learning and leadership development. I will continue to be available to strengthen, equip, and assist superintendents so they can lead their conferences faithfully and effectively.

24. Handling Concerns: If laity or clergy bring concerns directly to you bypassing their presiding elders and/or conference superintendent, would you include the applicable conference superintendent and/or presiding elder in the conversation? If so, how would you empower your conference superintendents and/or presiding elders in the discussion?

Anytime a significant concern is brought to me, I immediately engage the conference superintendent. They are the spiritual and temporal leaders of the conference, and I try to not do anything that diminishes that leadership. In the culture we are building the role of the bishop is to support and equip the conference superintendent or presiding elder in dealing with complaints or concerns. I do my best to avoid triangles. There are unfortunately multiple examples of this scenario already and each time, I have done my best to be available for conversation, consultation and advice, but I strive to allow the conference superintendent to provide leadership.

25. Laity Leadership: How do you envision incorporating laity into the leadership of the church and into your leadership team?

Our Methodist DNA is rooted in shared ministry between clergy and laity. As a bishop, I have the opportunity to teach this DNA and equip laity for leadership through district gatherings, training teams or committees, and through teaching times at sessions of the annual conference. I have worked to help conference superintendents and other leaders develop systems that incorporate laity into both conference and local church leadership. I have encouraged superintendents to develop shared leadership with annual conference lay leaders, establish district lay leaders and teams of laity to resource and equip local churches. Where it is appropriate for a bishop to have a leadership team that includes laity within our model and structure, I would look for laity called and gifted for the task of the team and do all I can to utilize and increase their leadership.

26. GMC Challenges: What do you see as the top three challenges facing the GMC today? How would you address them?

1. Migration, not movement – While we give thanks for the establishment of over 7,000 congregations in the Global Methodist Church, most of our growth has come through disaffiliation. Some congregations are thriving, while others have simply changed signs. To fully live into God’s vision, we must equip leaders—clergy and laity—to build cultures and systems that increase vitality of existing congregations and create a culture of planting new faith communities.

2. Culture of call and leadership development – Though we have strong leaders, the average age of clergy is rising, creating a leadership gap. We must cultivate a culture of call, encouraging and equipping young people for ministry. NextGen ministires must be a priority.

3. Global ministry funding – U.S. partnerships with conferences abroad have been vital, yet sustainability remains a challenge. We must develop solutions that support ministry development without fostering dependency, ensuring global churches thrive long-term.

27. Devotional Life: How would you characterize your devotional life?

My devotional life includes consistent practices and seasonal disciplines. Each morning, I read the Bible, sometimes following a reading plan, other times a devotional book. I use daily prayer cards that focus me on an attribute of God’s nature, an aspect of the fruit of the Spirit I am asking God to grow, and specific categories of intercessory prayer. I have incorporated Facebook, into my prayer time, as I scroll and look for ways I may pray for those I am connected with. Almost every evening, I reflect on John 15 and journal responses to three questions: How did I stay connected to the vine today? Where did I become disconnected? What do I need to do tomorrow to remain connected? I am developing the discipline of silence, as well as periodic journaling and fasting. For 35 years, I have been a part of a covenant group that meets regularly.

28. Theological Resources: What are the top five authors or theological resources to which you turn for research and learning and why?

It is a blessing to be invited to read many recent books written by Global Methodists like Kevin Watson, Pete Bellini, Suzanne Nicholson, Matt O’Reilly and others. Some of my favorite writers include John Maxwell, Kenneth Collins, Alan Hirsh, Tod Bolsinger and Thom Rainer. The works I use most for study and research include John Wesley, Explanatory Notes, New International Commentary, Sermons of Wesley, by Kenneth Collins and Jason Vickers, John Wesley’s Teachings by Thomas Oden and The Theology of John Wesley by Kenneth Collins.

29. Failures: Describe one time you failed; what did you learn from that failure?

I fail every day. That failure is always a result of not trusting the power of God’s Holy Spirit, being independent from God’s agenda and not trusting the intent of others. Those are my constant learnings and growing edges. There are many technical leadership failures I have made. I have attempted to lead where no one was ready to follow. I have failed at casting vision and doing the work of allowing that vision to be owned by others. I have failed in expecting people to lead in certain ways but have not taken the time to equip them and support them. The failures that most worry me are relational. Times I have assumed someone’s desire or intent. Times I have placed expectations on others without sharing those expectations. Times I do not communicate clearly. I fail when I become defensive instead of assuming a posture of learning and humility.

30. Leadership Style: How would you describe your leadership style?

I would define my leadership style as collaborative and conversational. I believe leaders lead from vision – how is God calling us uniquely, at this time, to fulfill the mission. My attempt has always been to gather people around a shared vision and work together at developing the strategies and outcomes that will bear fruit. That being said, I believe there are times when a leader must lead. The way may not be preferred or popular, yet it is where God is and the role of a leader is to proclaim the way, inviting others to discern and follow as well. These times must be permeated with love, patience, care, yet also with holy urgency and boldness. My style of dealing with conflict is to listen and invite/engage those in conflict into conversation with one another, respecting differences and claiming that which we hold in common, as resolution is pursued.

31. Decision Making: Give an example of a time when you had to make a difficult decision as a leader and how you made that decision.

I have faced many difficult decisions, but I have rarely carried that weight alone. I value a collaborative leadership style and I am hard-pressed to identify a time of making a significant decision without seeking input and consensus from others. Most of the challenging decisions have involved personnel. Some of the hardest individual decisions relate to discerning God’s direction for my life. In these moments, I engage in deep prayer and reflection, seeking to ensure I am running toward God’s next call rather than away from the present place. I want to be clear, this approach does not negate the need to make hard decisions as a leader and to experience all the reactions that come from them. Yet engaging others in discernment provides peace of mind, a measure of accountability, and confidence that decisions are made with integrity, humility, and God’s guidance.

32. Confrontation: Give an example of a time when you had to confront an employee or colleague over behavior or beliefs contrary to those agreed upon and how you handled it.

I believe that brokenness is redeemable, but not always restorative. I have confronted individuals who have broken covenant of leadership values, covenant of mission, covenant of doctrine and people who have had moral failures. My approach in these times is to have a one-on-one conversation, almost always with at least one other person in the room. I share where I believe covenant has been broken. I listen to their perspective. In the case of an “employee”, we talk about whether trust can be restored and a plan for returning to the covenant can be established or if the person can no longer continue in their leadership role. If the confrontation is with a colleague that I have no supervisory authority over, I share my concerns, listen to where I may be mistaken and offer to help them live into the covenant we have established as they do for me.

33. Teaching: What experience do you have in a teaching role? How has your teaching style evolved during your ministry?

I believe I have lived out the teaching role in many ways and settings over the last 36 years of ministry. Many times it is in a large gathering, other times in small groups and often in a one-on-one relationship. I’m not sure my style has changed much over the years, in relation to large gatherings and smaller groups, but I pray I have become more effective. In one-on-one settings I believe my teaching style has moved from a consultative approach to one of coaching.